Spasmodic dysphonia is a neurological disorder that impairs the fluidity of the vocal cord control. It leads to a broken, weak voice. The cause of the condition is not known.

This condition can be greatly improved with the use of neurotoxin injections into the muscles that control vocal cord function.

Patient can expect to have a significantly improved voice and almost all patients have sufficiently improved voice to return to their normal personal and professional occupations.

Patients with this condition require regular follow ups on the long term to monitor the condition. Most patients also require regular injections to maintain adequate vocal function.

Papillomas are caused by an invasive infection of the laryngeal mucosa with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Although most papillomas in the throat are benign, some can transform into cancer.

Dr Kost has an extensive experience in the treatment and follow up of patients with laryngeal papillomatosis. She has been studying the clinical and pathological progression of this disease for over 25 years.

Depending on the extent of disease treatment can be done in the office under local anesthesia with KTP laser or require surgery with CO2 laser. New pharmacological agents can be applied to the area to decrease the risk of recurrence.

Patients with this condition require frequent and long-term follow up to prevent the recurrence of disease.

The tightening and decrease in diameter of the larynx is called laryngeal stenosis. The same condition below the vocal cords is called tracheal stenosis.

Most stenosis are secondary to one of these conditions : congenital from birth, secondary to an intubation or trauma, secondary to a chronic medical condition.

Patients with stenosis can experience breathing difficulty, poor voice quality and reduced capacity to exercise.

Treatment usually involves in office KTP laser treatment or surgical CO2 laser treatment, depending on the severity and the location of the stenosis.

Patients with this condition require long term follow up and may require repeat surgery.